Short Wave Antennas

Introduction

Transmitting or receiving antennas working in the short-wave band (1~30MHz) are collectively referred to as short wave antennas. The transmission of short waves is mainly divided into two types according to different transmission paths, one is through ionospheric reflection, called sky wave. Since solar activity will have a certain impact on the ionosphere, the wavelength transmitted in this way also changes with the strength of solar activity; The other is ground waves transmitted close to the surface. This transmission method is affected by the relative permittivity and conductivity, and losses occur.

Type

External shortwave antenna

There are many forms of short wave antennas, among which the most widely used are symmetrical antennas, in-phase horizontal antennas, doubling antennas, angular antennas, V-shaped antennas, diamond-shaped antennas, fishbone antennas, etc. Compared with long-wave antennas, short-wave antennas have large effective height, large radiation resistance, high efficiency, good directivity, high gain and frequency bandwidth.

Built-in shortwave antenna

A built-in antenna is required in the terminal, and a magnetic antenna is used in radios, which is wound on a magnetic rod.

Features

Such antennas are generally made of two types of magnetic materials.

One is the traditional sintered ferrite winding. It is characterized by high gain, but too close to the circuit board will cause high noise, and the noise of the circuit board is also picked up by ferrite, resulting in a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the whole machine. And not vibration-resistant, easy to break. The second is the winding manufacturing of micro-aviation series organic magnetic materials. The characteristic is that magnetism is not closely related to frequency. The signal-to-noise ratio is higher than that of ferrite by 2-3dB. Fall resistance.

Application

Because short-wave communication is not like satellite, optical fiber, cable communication, it does not require a relay station, so it is widely used. It is one of the important means of modern long-distance radio communication. For ultra-long-distance (500km+) communication, short wave antennas mostly use whip antennas (Whip). When communicating in short-wave dead zone (20-100 km), short-wave antennas mostly use NVIS antennas, which are mostly ring-shaped.

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