Microwave Limiter

Introduction

A microwave limiter is a kind of automatic attenuator and power modulation device. When the signal input power is small, there is no attenuation. When the input power increases to a certain value, the attenuation will increase rapidly. This power value is called the threshold level. When the input power exceeds the threshold level, the output power will not increase. It is often used in microwave sweep signal sources or phase detection systems to keep the output signal amplitude stable.

Description

A microwave limiter is a power modulation device. When the power is low, the signal passes through almost without attenuation. However, when the input power increases to a certain value, the signal will have a great attenuation. This value is called the threshold level of the limiter. Since then, the input power continues to grow and the output power remains almost constant. It is usually used to protect power-sensitive elements, such as those installed in front of the high-frequency amplifier and mixer of the receiver, to protect them from being burned by strong signals. In addition, the limiter page is often used in microwave sweep signal sources or phase detection systems to keep the output signal amplitude stable.

Definition of main parameters

1. Limiting threshold level: the input power value when the limiter starts to work.

2. Insertion loss: After the limiter is connected to the system, the loss of transmission signal below the threshold level is usually measured at - 10dBm input power.

3. Isolation refers to the decibel of the ratio of the incident power and the leakage power under the limiting state.

4. Flat leakage level (limiting level): the flat part of the output power after adding the rated pulse power to the limiter.

5. Withstand power: refers to the maximum pulse power/average pulse power (related to duty cycle)/continuous wave power that the limiter can withstand.

6. Recovery time: the time from the termination of the input pulse to the time when the insertion loss of the limiter is 3dB greater than the insertion loss. Depending on the input power, the recovery time varies from 100ns to several us, and the whole system will have a blind area during the recovery process.

The limiter is usually used in the front stage of the receiving equipment to limit the amplitude of high-power input signals exceeding the threshold and plays the role of protecting the rear stage sensitive circuits and devices. The peak input power of the limiter is 1% (pulse width 10 μ S. Below 6GHz; Pulse width 1 μ S. Above 6GHz). Insertion loss and standing wave ratio are measured under the condition of input continuous wave power - 10dBm.

Function

The most common function of the microwave limiter is to prevent the high-power signal from causing damage to the microwave receiving system, preventing the power signal of the radar transmitter from directly entering the receiver, and burning out sensitive devices such as the low-noise amplifier behind it.

Usage

Microwave limiters are usually used in front of receiver amplifiers or mixers to protect them from burning out due to strong signals. The output amplitude can be kept constant in a frequency sweeper or phase measuring system.

Limiters are generally composed of DC blocking capacitors and integrated diode limiter circuits on the input port and output port. The integrated circuits consist of planar doped barriers (PDBs) or Schottky diodes connected in parallel through 50-ohm transmission lines.

The limiter has low insertion loss and linearity at low input levels, providing protection against transient or short-term overloads. They have low insertion loss and return loss, providing your equipment with safe protection from damage caused by excessive RF power, DC voltage transients, or electrostatic discharge (ESD).

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FAQ

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