RF Low Pass Filter

Introduction

The RF low pass filter (LPF) is defined as a filter used to transmit low-frequency signals and attenuate high-frequency signals. The frequency response of the low-pass filter mainly depends on the design of the low-pass filter.

Inductance prevents high-frequency signals from passing through and allows low-frequency signals to pass through, while capacitance has the opposite characteristics. The signal that can pass through the filter of inductance or the filter that is connected to the ground through capacitance will attenuate the low-frequency signal less than the high-frequency signal, which is called the low-pass filter.

Type

There are many kinds of RF low pass filter, among which Butterworth filter and Chebyshev filter are the most common.

▲Butterworth filter

Butterworth filter is a design classification of filters. It uses Butterworth transfer function and has a variety of filter types such as high pass, low pass, band pass, band stop, etc.

Butterworth filter has stable amplitude frequency characteristics both inside and outside the passband, but has a long transition band, which is easy to cause distortion.

▲Chebyshev filter

Chebyshev filter is a design classification of filters. It uses the Chebyshev transfer function. There are also high pass, low pass, band-pass, high resistance, band stop and other filter types.

Compared with Butterworth filter, the transition band of Chebyshev filter is very narrow, but the internal amplitude frequency characteristics are very unstable.

Principle

The principle of using capacitance to pass high frequency resistance and low frequency, and inductance to pass low frequency resistance and high frequency. For the high frequency that needs to be cut off, capacitance absorption and inductance resistance are used to block its passage. For the low frequency that needs to be cut off, capacitance high resistance and inductance low resistance are used to make it pass.

Effect

The RF low pass filter has the function of passing low frequency and blocking high frequency. The characteristics of the low-pass filter enable the signal below the set threshold frequency to pass normally. In contrast, the signal above the set threshold frequency (fc) is blocked and attenuated. Low pass filtering can be simply considered as: set a frequency point, when the signal frequency is higher than this frequency, it cannot pass.

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