Radio Frequency Cable

Introduction

Radio Frequency Cable is also called coaxial cable, which is composed of inner conductor, outer conductor and medium supporting inner conductor and outer conductor. In radio communication, radio and television radio frequency transmission, rf cable is important. The characteristics of RF cables include electrical and mechanical properties, including characteristic impedance, transmission loss and its frequency characteristics, temperature characteristics, shielding characteristics, rated power, and maximum withstand voltage mechanical properties, including minimum bending radius, weight per unit length, maximum allowable tension, and aging characteristics and consistency of cables.

Structure

The insulating material of RF coaxial cable is composed of physically foamed polyethylene insulated copper wire conductor. Outside the inner insulating material is another layer of annular conductor, namely the outer conductor. The outer conductor (organizational shielding layer) is formed, welded and crimped with copper tape; Or aluminum tube structure; Or braided structure is adopted, and then the whole cable is wrapped by PVC sheath.

Characteristics

The characteristics of Radio Frequency Cable include electrical and mechanical properties, including characteristic impedance, transmission loss and its frequency characteristics, temperature characteristics, shielding characteristics, rated power, and maximum withstand voltage mechanical properties, including minimum bending radius, weight per unit length, maximum allowable tension, and aging characteristics and consistency of cables.

Classification

(1) Coaxial RF cable

Coaxial RF cable is the most commonly used structure type. Because the inner and outer conductors are concentric, and the electromagnetic energy is limited to the medium between the inner and outer conductors, it has significant advantages such as low attenuation, high shielding performance, wide bandwidth and stable performance. It is usually used to transmit radio frequency energy from 500 kHz to 18 GHz.

There are two types of commonly used RF coaxial cables: 50 Ω and 75 Ω RF coaxial cables. RF coaxial cables with characteristic impedance of 75 Ω are commonly used in CATV networks, so they are called CATV cables. The transmission bandwidth can reach 1GHz. The transmission bandwidth of commonly used CATV cables is 750MHz.

(2) Symmetrical RF cable

The electromagnetic field of symmetrical RF cable loop is open. Because there is radiated electromagnetic energy at high frequency, the attenuation is increased and the shielding performance is poor. In addition, due to the influence of atmospheric conditions, it is seldom used. Symmetrical RF cable is mainly used in the case of low RF or symmetrical feeding.

(3) Helical RF cable

The conductors in coaxial or symmetrical cables can sometimes be made into spiral coils to increase the inductance of the cable, thereby increasing the wave impedance of the cable and the transmission time of delayed electromagnetic energy. The former is called high resistance cable, and the latter is called delayed cable. If the density of spiral coil winding along the length direction is different, the variable resistance cable can be made.

Application

Radio frequency cable is a cable that transmits electromagnetic energy within the range of radio frequency. RF coaxial cable is an indispensable component in various radio communication systems and electronic equipment. It is widely used in wireless communication and broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, computers and instruments.

Selection requirements

In the actual selection of RF cable, its characteristic impedance, rated power, attenuation and the maximum working voltage that it can withstand shall be considered. In the RF transmission of radio communication, radio and television, the RF impedance, output power, and possible peak voltage of the transmitter should be combined, and a certain margin should be left. The appropriate cable should be selected in combination with the environmental conditions. It should be noted that when using RF cables, cable plugs, cable sockets, and coaxial change-over switches with the same characteristic impedance must be matched, and they cannot be mixed, so as not to cause large radio wave reflection and form standing waves in the cable.

When RF cable is used in medium wave, because of its low working frequency and low loss, the RF cable originally used in TV can be used in 50KW system in medium wave transmission system, but the current passing through the cable will be far greater than that in meter band TV system, so it is necessary to ensure that the cable head and cable socket are in good contact indirectly, otherwise it will cause failure due to overheating.

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