Microstrip Microwave Antennas

Introduction

Microstrip microwave antennas, on a thin dielectric substrate, one side is attached with a thin metal layer as the ground, and the other side is made of a certain shape of metal patch by photolithographic corrosion method, and the antenna composed of microstrip line or coaxial probe for patch feeding.

Generally, it is required that the dielectric constant of the microstrip antenna dielectric substrate is less than or equal to 10, and the thickness h is less than or equal to the wavelength; The shape of the emitter can be rectangular, circular, triangular, or other regular shapes. Depending on the shape of the radiation patch, the radiation characteristics also differ.

Structure

The structure of microstrip antennas is generally composed of dielectric substrate, radiator and ground. The thickness of the dielectric substrate is much smaller than the wavelength, the thin metal layer at the bottom of the substrate is connected to the ground, and the front side is made by photolithography to produce a thin metal layer with a specific shape as a radiator. The shape of the radiometer can be varied according to the requirements.

Classification

There are many classifications of microstrip microwave antennas, according to the structural characteristics, microstrip antennas are generally divided into three types: microstrip patch antennas, microstrip slot antennas and microstrip antenna arrays (mainly referring to microstrip traveling wave antennas). Classified by shape, there are circular, rectangular, loop microstrip antennas, etc. According to the principle of operation, it can be divided into resonant (standing wave type) and non-resonant (traveling wave type) microstrip antenna.

Merit

Microstrip antennas have many advantages in terms of structure and physical properties.

First, the profile is low, that is, the microstrip array antenna can be made very thin, which is very suitable for high-speed aircraft and space vehicles.

Second, the size is small and the weight is light, the microstrip patch is about a time smaller than the free space, and the dielectric substrate is much smaller than the metal material of the general antenna in terms of volume and weight; Moreover, the microwave inheritance process can also remove many large-volume components, achieving easy integration and low profile.

Third, the antenna performance is diversified, designing different shapes of patch units, or selecting the appropriate unit array, can realize edge firing array, end firing array, various types of polarization, point scanning microstrip phased array, etc.

Fourth, it is easy to install, and the feed of the microstrip line antenna can be carried out both on the side of the substrate and at the bottom of the substrate, so the installation is flexible and diverse.

Fifth, low cost, easy to mass production, because the processing of patch microstrip antenna mainly relies on mature lithography technology, integration technology and the development of plate technology, so that the production of microstrip patch antenna is convenient and simple, low price, especially in large-scale production, not only save costs, but also high consistency between antennas.

Application

After the seventies, microstrip microwave antennas have been further developed in terms of theory and the breadth and depth of applications, and have shown great potential for practical applications. Various new forms and new performance antennas continue to appear, and are widely used in satellite communications, navigation telemetry remote control, weapon fuses and other military fields, as well as modern mobile communications, personal communications, medical devices, environmental protection, and other civilian fields.

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